KNEE ARTHRITIS

What is it and what are my treatment options?

KNEE ARTHRITIS

What is it and what are my treatment options?

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WHAT IS KNEE ARTHRITIS?

Dr. EcklandKnee arthritis is a common condition that results from the gradual breakdown of cartilage in the knee joint. As the protective cartilage wears away, bones can rub together, causing pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility. The most common forms of knee arthritis are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis. Over time, untreated arthritis can significantly impact the quality of life.

DIAGNOSIS OF KNEE ARTHRITIS

Diagnosis typically begins with a thorough clinical evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical exam. Imaging studies such as X-rays can reveal joint space narrowing, bone spurs, and other signs of arthritis. In some cases, MRI or ultrasound imaging may assess the soft tissues and cartilage. Blood tests are occasionally ordered to rule out inflammatory causes like rheumatoid arthritis.

Most patients benefit from a comprehensive, non-surgical approach early in the disease process.

Physical Therapy

A targeted physical therapy program can improve strength, flexibility, and joint mechanics, helping to reduce pain and delay progression. Therapists focus on strengthening the muscles around the knee and improving body mechanics during movement.

Home Exercise

A regular home exercise plan complements physical therapy. Low-impact activities like walking, cycling, and swimming help maintain joint function without excessive stress.

Lifestyle Modifications

Weight management, activity modification, and avoidance of high-impact sports can ease stress on the knee joint and slow arthritis progression. Simple changes, such as using supportive footwear and avoiding prolonged standing, can make a significant difference.

Oral Medications

Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can reduce pain and inflammation. Acetaminophen may also be used for pain relief. In some cases, prescription medications are recommended for more advanced symptoms.

Bracing

Offloading braces and knee sleeves can provide additional joint support and reduce discomfort during daily activities.

Supplements

Nutritional supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and turmeric are commonly used, although evidence for their effectiveness is mixed. Patients should consult with their provider before starting any supplement regimen.

Intra-articular injections can offer temporary relief for patients with moderate arthritis symptoms.

  • Cortisone Injections: Corticosteroid injections provide rapid inflammation and pain relief, though effects may diminish with repeated use.
  • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: PRP uses the body’s growth factors to promote healing within the joint. Some studies suggest it may offer longer-lasting relief compared to cortisone for certain patients.

When conservative measures are no longer effective, more advanced treatments are considered to preserve joint health and function.

Joint Preservation Procedures

Early intervention procedures aim to realign the joint, remove damaged tissue, or stimulate cartilage repair. These techniques are often best suited for younger, active patients with isolated cartilage damage.

Arthroscopy

Minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery allows surgeons to clean out loose cartilage fragments, smooth rough surfaces, or repair minor tears. Arthroscopy may offer temporary relief but is typically not a cure for more advanced arthritis.

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)

Pain management techniques such as genicular nerve RFA use heat energy to disrupt nerve signals around the knee. This can significantly reduce pain for six months or more in selected patients.

For patients with severe arthritis who no longer respond to conservative or joint-preserving treatments, knee replacement surgery (arthroplasty) becomes the best option. Total knee replacement involves resurfacing the damaged joint with metal and plastic implants, restoring alignment, stability, and function. Advances in surgical techniques and implant materials have made knee replacement a highly successful procedure for restoring quality of life.

RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING KNEE ARTHRITIS

Patients often ask, “Is this arthritis or am I at risk for getting knee arthritis?” There are a few key risk factors for developing arthritis:

  • Age – Risk increases with age, especially after 50.

  • Genetics – Family history of arthritis can increase susceptibility.

  • Obesity – Extra weight puts more stress on knee joints.

  • Previous Injury – Past knee injuries (e.g., fractures, ligament tears, previous surgeries) can lead to arthritis.

  • Repetitive Stress – Jobs or activities that involve kneeling, squatting, or heavy lifting.

  • Joint Alignment – Abnormal knee alignment (e.g., bowlegs or knock-knees) increases wear.

  • Inflammatory Conditions – Rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune disorders.

The good news is knee arthritis can often be managed through improved flexibility, range of motion, and strength. Surgery is not necessary for most patients with knee arthritis.

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