The pain associated with hip dysplasia often develops gradually, typically presenting as a dull ache in the groin area that may worsen with activity or prolonged sitting. As the condition progresses, patients may experience sharp pain, limited range of motion, and a feeling of instability in the hip joint. However, hip arthroscopy usually can stabilize the hip joint and relieve pain if the dysplasia is subtle or “borderline”.
However, if the hip dysplasia is more severe or patients continue to have pain after an arthroscopy, patients typically benefit from a procedure called Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO). Studies have shown promising results for PAO in alleviating pain and improving hip function. A 14-year follow-up study reported a long-term hip survival rate of 78-95% in patients undergoing PAO.
At Sano Specialty Care, we help patients with hip pain through various treatments and therapies. Let’s examine hip dysplasia and explore how PAO works to alleviate pain and restore hip function.
Understanding Hip Dysplasia and the Role of Hip Arthroscopy
Hip dysplasia is characterized by an abnormally shallow hip socket (acetabulum) that doesn't adequately cover the femoral head (the ball-shaped top of the thigh bone). This structural abnormality can lead to hip instability, pain, and osteoarthritis.
Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to diagnose and treat various hip joint conditions, including “borderline” hip dysplasia. A small camera (arthroscope) is inserted into the hip joint through tiny incisions during hip arthroscopy. This allows the surgeon to visualize the joint's internal structures and perform necessary repairs, such as labral or cartilage restoration.
However, it is important that your hip be evaluated and treated by a highly trained hip specialist as there is a risk of increased failure of hip arthroscopy in dysplastic patients and treatments should be individualised for each patient.
What are the Symptoms of Hip Dysplasia?
Symptoms of hip dysplasia can vary from person to person, but common signs include:
- Hip pain can range from a dull ache to sharp pain, often exacerbated by activity or prolonged sitting.This pain is often located in the groin region but can also be on the side of the hip, buttock area or low back, or any combination of these locations.
- Limited range of motion: Difficulty moving the hip or a feeling of "catching" or "locking" in the joint.
- Limping: A noticeable limp, especially after physical activity.
- Instability: A feeling that the hip may "pop" out of place.
How Can PAO Help Alleviate Painful Hip Dysplasia?
Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure that is comprised of multiple precise cuts around the bony socket, that is then reoriented to improve femoral head coverage. This helps stabilize the hip joint, reduce pain, and prevent further damage. PAO is often recommended for patients with moderate to severe hip dysplasia or patients who have undergone hip arthroscopy but continue to experience pain or instability. There is additional data to support PAO in patients with “borderline” dysplasia.
What are the Benefits of PAO?
- Pain relief: PAO can significantly reduce hip pain and improve overall function.
- Improved stability: By improving the alignment of the hip joint, PAO can enhance stability and reduce the risk of dislocation.
- Delay or prevention of arthritis: PAO can help slow the progression of osteoarthritis and may even prevent it from developing in some cases.
If you're struggling with hip dysplasia or have undergone hip arthroscopy but continue to experience pain, our team at Sano Specialty Care can help.
Schedule a consultation with one of our hip specialists today to discuss your treatment options and learn more about how PAO can help you regain mobility and live pain-free.
